Frame relay is one of the WAN protocols you need to understand if
you plan to become CCNA-certified. It’s also one of the most difficult
protocols to understand for most CCNA students.
Frame-Relay was a very popular WAN technology in the past
days. It still is today to some extent. However, it is safe to say that it is being replaced by competing technologies like Ethernet WAN, Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (MPLS), and Virtual Private Network (VPN).
Frame relay uses a service provider to provide connectivity. Frame
relay is cost cost-effective solution for leased lines.
A virtual circuit is a connection in a frame relay is provides virtual
circuits. Multiple logical connections on the same physical connection.
Data link connection identifier (DLCI) identifies the virtual circuits range (16-
1007) given by the service provider. Local DLCI map with a remote IP address.
Manual or auto-mapping (inverse ARP).
local management interface (LMI) is used to send keepalive messages between the router and frame relay switch for checking the connectivity.
Fame relay network types
- Point to point
- Point to multi-point
Topology
TASK; configure point-to-point frame relay, make sure router 1
makes ping to router 2.
R1(config)#interface serial 3/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#end
*Dec 1 19:13:09.207: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
Line protocol on Interface Serial3/0, changed state to down
R1#show run interface s3/0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 108 bytes
!
interface Serial3/0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
end
R1#ping 1.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.2,
timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R3(config)#interface serial 3/1
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#end
*Dec 1 19:14:34.723: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
Line protocol on Interface Serial3/1, changed state to down
R3#show ip interface br
Interface
IP-Address OK? Method
Status Protocol
Serial3/1
1.1.1.2 YES manual up
down
R3#show run interface serial 3/1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 108 bytes
!
interface Serial3/1
ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
end
R3#ping 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1,
timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
*Dec 1 19:22:14.723: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
Line protocol on Interface Serial3/1, changed state to up
R2(config)#hostname FRSW
FRSW(config)#frame-relay switching
FRSW(config)#interface serial 3/0
FRSW(config-if)#no shutdown
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*Dec 1 19:18:48.259: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
Line protocol on Interface Serial3/0, changed state to up
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ?
cisco
ansi
q933a
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 100 interface serial 3/1 200
FRSW(config-if)#exit
FRSW(config)#interface serial 3/1
FRSW(config-if)#no shutdown
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 200 interface serial 3/0 100
FRSW(config-if)#end
FRSW#show frame-relay route
Input Intf Input
Dlci Output Intf Output
Dlci Status
Serial3/0
100
Serial3/1
200
active
Serial3/1
200
Serial3/0
100
active
FRSW#show frame-relay lmi
LMI Statistics for interface Serial3/0 (Frame Relay DCE) LMI TYPE
= CISCO
Invalid Unnumbered info
0
Invalid Prot Disc 0
Invalid dummy Call Ref
0
Invalid Msg Type 0
Invalid Status Message
0
Invalid Lock Shift 0
Invalid Information ID
0
Invalid Report IE Len 0
Invalid Report Request
0
Invalid Keep IE Len 0
Num Status Enq. Rcvd 27
Num Status msgs Sent 25
Num Update Status Sent
0
Num St Enq. Timeouts 0
LMI Statistics for interface Serial3/1 (Frame Relay DCE) LMI TYPE
= CISCO
Invalid Unnumbered info
0
Invalid Prot Disc 0
Invalid dummy Call Ref
0
Invalid Msg Type 0
Invalid Status Message
0
Invalid Lock Shift 0
Invalid Information ID
0
Invalid Report IE Len 0
Invalid Report Request
0
Invalid Keep IE Len 0
Num Status Enq. Rcvd
11
Num Status msgs Sent 10
Num Update Status Sent
0
Num St Enq. Timeouts 0
R1#ping 1.1.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.2,
timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip
min/avg/max = 48/59/92 ms
R3#ping 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1,
timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip
min/avg/max = 40/47/60 ms
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